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Chapter 18 Amsco Apush Notes

April 1, 2024

Welcome to the captivating world of Chapter 18 AMSco APUSH Notes, where the annals of American history unfold before our very eyes. In this journey through time, we’ll explore the Era of Good Feelings, the Market Revolution, the rise of Jacksonian Democracy, Indian Removal, the Second Great Awakening, the Abolitionist Movement, the Mexican-American War, and the Compromise of 1850. Get ready for an engaging adventure that will illuminate the complexities of America’s past and its enduring legacy.

As we delve into each topic, we’ll unravel the intricate web of political, social, and economic forces that shaped the nation. From the optimism of the Era of Good Feelings to the turmoil of the Mexican-American War, we’ll witness the triumphs and challenges that have defined the American experience.

The Era of Good Feelings

The Era of Good Feelings was a period in American history following the War of 1812. It was characterized by a sense of national unity and optimism, as well as a decline in political partisanship.

Factors Contributing to the Rise of Nationalism and Sectionalism

Several factors contributed to the rise of nationalism during the Era of Good Feelings. These included:

  • The victory in the War of 1812, which boosted national pride.
  • The expansion of the United States westward, which created a sense of common purpose among Americans.
  • The development of a national transportation system, which made it easier for Americans to travel and communicate with each other.

At the same time, sectionalism also began to emerge during this period. This was due to differences in economic and social conditions between the different regions of the country.

Impact of the Era of Good Feelings on American Society, Chapter 18 amsco apush notes

The Era of Good Feelings had a profound impact on American society. It led to a number of important changes, including:

  • The growth of the national economy
  • The development of a national identity
  • The expansion of democracy

The Market Revolution

The Market Revolution was a period of significant economic transformation in the United States from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century. It was characterized by a shift from a primarily agrarian economy to one based on industrialization and commerce.

Causes of the Market Revolution

  • Agricultural Revolution:Advances in farming techniques and technology increased agricultural productivity, leading to a surplus of goods.
  • Industrial Revolution:Technological innovations, such as the cotton gin and steam engine, made mass production possible.
  • Transportation Improvements:The construction of canals, roads, and railroads facilitated the movement of goods and people.
  • Population Growth:A rapidly growing population created a larger market for goods and services.

Consequences of the Market Revolution

  • Economic Growth:The Market Revolution led to a surge in economic growth and the rise of a capitalist economy.
  • Urbanization:The expansion of industry attracted workers to cities, leading to the growth of urban centers.
  • Social Changes:The Market Revolution created new social classes and economic disparities.

Technological Innovations of the Market Revolution

  • Cotton Gin:Invented by Eli Whitney, it revolutionized cotton production, making it more efficient and profitable.
  • Steam Engine:Developed by James Watt, it provided a reliable source of power for factories and transportation.
  • Canals and Railroads:These transportation networks facilitated the movement of goods and people, expanding markets and reducing costs.

The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy

The presidency of Andrew Jackson marked a significant shift in American politics, ushering in the era of Jacksonian Democracy. This era witnessed the expansion of political participation, the rise of a new political culture, and a shift in economic policies.

Political Policies of Andrew Jackson

Jackson’s political policies were characterized by a commitment to populism and a distrust of the elite. He believed in the “common man” and sought to increase their political power.

  • Spoils System:Jackson replaced government officials with his own supporters, a practice known as the spoils system.
  • Indian Removal Act:Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forced Native American tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River.
  • Nullification Crisis:Jackson confronted South Carolina over its attempt to nullify federal tariffs, asserting the supremacy of the federal government.

Economic Policies of Andrew Jackson

Jackson’s economic policies reflected his belief in a limited role for the federal government in the economy.

  • Veto of the Bank of the United States:Jackson vetoed the renewal of the charter for the Bank of the United States, which he saw as a threat to the common man.
  • Specie Circular:Jackson issued the Specie Circular, requiring payment for public lands in gold or silver, which led to a financial panic.

Impact of Jacksonian Democracy

Jacksonian Democracy had a profound impact on American politics and society:

  • Expansion of Political Participation:Jackson’s policies increased the participation of ordinary citizens in politics, particularly through the spoils system.
  • Rise of the Common Man:Jacksonian Democracy emphasized the importance of the “common man” and his right to participate in government.

    • li> New Political Culture:Jacksonian Democracy introduced a new political culture characterized by emotional appeals, mass rallies, and a focus on the individual.

Key Supporters and Opponents

Jacksonian Democracy found strong support among the working class, farmers, and frontiersmen, who saw Jackson as a champion of their interests. However, it faced opposition from the elite, who feared the expansion of democracy and the erosion of their power.

The Second Great Awakening

The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival movement that swept across the United States from the late 18th century to the early 19th century. It was characterized by a renewed emphasis on personal experience, emotionalism, and evangelicalism. The movement had a profound impact on American religion and society, contributing to the rise of new religious denominations, the abolitionist movement, and the development of a more democratic and egalitarian society.

Origins and Beliefs

The Second Great Awakening originated in the frontier regions of the United States, where settlers faced hardships and isolation. They found solace in religion, and they developed a more personal and emotional style of worship. They believed that salvation could be achieved through a personal relationship with Jesus Christ, and they emphasized the importance of conversion and rebirth.

Impact on American Religion

The Second Great Awakening led to the rise of new religious denominations, including the Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians. These denominations emphasized the importance of personal experience and emotionalism, and they appealed to a wide range of people, including the poor, the uneducated, and women.

The movement also led to the development of new religious practices, such as camp meetings and revivals.

Impact on American Society

The Second Great Awakening had a profound impact on American society. It contributed to the rise of the abolitionist movement, as many evangelicals believed that slavery was a sin. It also helped to create a more democratic and egalitarian society, as it emphasized the importance of individual worth and the right of all people to have a say in their government.

Key Leaders and Movements

Some of the key leaders of the Second Great Awakening included Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, and Charles Finney. Edwards was a Puritan minister who preached about the need for a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. Whitefield was a Methodist preacher who traveled throughout the colonies, preaching to large crowds.

Finney was a Presbyterian minister who led a series of revivals in the early 19th century.The Second Great Awakening was a major religious and social movement that had a profound impact on the United States. It contributed to the rise of new religious denominations, the abolitionist movement, and the development of a more democratic and egalitarian society.

The Abolitionist Movement

The abolitionist movement emerged in the early 19th century as a response to the growing anti-slavery sentiment in the United States. Its primary goal was to end the institution of slavery and achieve racial equality for African Americans.

Chapter 18 of the AMSCO APUSH notes provides a comprehensive overview of the major themes and events of the period from 1865 to 1898. To delve deeper into the complexities of the era, I highly recommend exploring chapter 14 give me liberty , which offers a detailed analysis of the political, social, and economic changes that shaped the nation during this pivotal time.

Returning to chapter 18 of the AMSCO notes, we can further examine the consequences of the Civil War and the Reconstruction era, as well as the rise of industrialization and urbanization.

Strategies and Tactics

Abolitionists employed a variety of strategies to promote their cause, including:

  • Public speaking and pamphleteering: They delivered speeches and distributed written materials to educate the public about the evils of slavery.
  • Boycotts and economic pressure: They organized boycotts of slave-produced goods and lobbied businesses to end their involvement in the slave trade.
  • Underground Railroad: They established a secret network of safe houses and supporters to help enslaved people escape to freedom in the North or Canada.

Key Figures and Organizations

Notable figures in the abolitionist movement included:

  • Frederick Douglass: A former slave who became a prominent abolitionist orator and writer.
  • William Lloyd Garrison: The founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society, which played a pivotal role in the movement.
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe: Author of the influential novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” which raised public awareness of slavery’s horrors.

Organizations involved in the movement included:

  • American Anti-Slavery Society: The largest and most influential abolitionist organization.
  • New England Anti-Slavery Society: Founded by William Lloyd Garrison, it focused on radical abolitionism.
  • American Missionary Association: Supported the establishment of schools and churches for freed slaves.

The Mexican-American War

The Mexican-American War, fought from 1846 to 1848, was a watershed moment in American history. Driven by a complex interplay of factors, it had far-reaching consequences for both the United States and Mexico.

Causes

  • American Expansionism:The United States had long harbored ambitions to expand its territory westward, and Mexico’s vast and sparsely populated northern provinces were seen as an attractive target.
  • Manifest Destiny:The belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent fueled popular support for the war.
  • Texas Annexation:The annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845 provoked Mexico, which had never recognized Texas’ independence.

Consequences

  • Territorial Expansion:The war resulted in the United States acquiring a vast swath of land, including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
  • Increased Sectionalism:The war exacerbated tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery. The South saw the acquisition of new territories as an opportunity to expand the institution of slavery, while the North opposed its spread.
  • Weakening of Mexico:The war left Mexico economically and politically weakened, making it vulnerable to future American interventions.

Key Battles and Figures

  • Battle of Buena Vista (1847):General Zachary Taylor’s victory over a larger Mexican force secured the American position in northern Mexico.
  • Battle of Chapultepec (1847):General Winfield Scott’s capture of Mexico City marked the culmination of the American invasion.
  • Zachary Taylor:American general who served as president during the war.
  • Winfield Scott:American general who led the invasion of Mexico City.
  • Antonio López de Santa Anna:Mexican general who fought against the American invasion.

The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws passed by the United States Congress that temporarily resolved the issue of slavery in the territories acquired by the United States as a result of the Mexican-American War. The compromise was designed to appease both the North and the South, and it included provisions that satisfied both sides.

Provisions of the Compromise

  • Californiawas admitted to the Union as a free state.
  • New Mexicoand Utahwere organized as territories without any restrictions on slavery.
  • The slave tradewas abolished in the District of Columbia.
  • A more effective fugitive slave lawwas passed, requiring all citizens to assist in the capture and return of escaped slaves.

Significance of the Compromise

The Compromise of 1850 was a major victory for the South. It preserved the institution of slavery in the territories and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law. However, it also angered many Northerners, who saw it as a betrayal of their principles.

The compromise only temporarily resolved the issue of slavery, and it would ultimately lead to the outbreak of the Civil War.

Key Figures Involved

  • Henry Clay: The “Great Compromiser” who helped to broker the deal.
  • Daniel Webster: A leading Whig who supported the compromise.
  • John C. Calhoun: A leading Southern Democrat who opposed the compromise.
  • Millard Fillmore: The President who signed the compromise into law.

FAQ Resource: Chapter 18 Amsco Apush Notes

What is the Era of Good Feelings?

The Era of Good Feelings was a period of relative peace and prosperity in the United States following the War of 1812.

What were the key factors that contributed to the rise of nationalism during this period?

Factors that contributed to the rise of nationalism during this period include the victory in the War of 1812, the expansion of the nation westward, and the development of a common American identity.

What were the key technological innovations that fueled the Market Revolution?

Key technological innovations that fueled the Market Revolution include the cotton gin, the steamboat, and the railroad.

Who were the key supporters of Jacksonian Democracy?

Key supporters of Jacksonian Democracy included farmers, laborers, and immigrants.

What were the key consequences of the Trail of Tears?

Key consequences of the Trail of Tears include the forced removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands and the loss of life and culture.